Cerebrolysin
Cerebrolysin research applications due its neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties. The preparation includes active peptide fragments including nerve growth factor, BDNF, Ciliary Nerve Growth Factor, P-21, enkephalins and orexin.
Cerebrolysin has pharmacodynamic neurotrophic and neuroprotective activity that mimics endogenous neurotrophic factors. Neurotrophic factors are molecules that are responsible for growing, maintaining, and repairing neurons. They also have neuroprotective properties which strengthen neural pathways and the integrity of the neurons themselves. They are also responsible for promoting synaptic plasticity, which is a way the brain strengthens certain neural pathways.
Cerebrolysin (FPF-1070) is not a single peptide, but rather a mixture of peptides derived from tissues of the porcine central nervous system. It is known to contain brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and nerve growth factor (NGF). It is primarily of interest in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like dementia (especially vascular dementia) and has been researched heavily in the setting of acute stroke.
PubChem CID: 472407974
CAS Number: 12656-61-0
Synonym: Cerebrolyzin, FPE 1070, Renacenz, 37KZM6S21G
Cerebrolysin does not have a single structure because it is a naturally derived admixture of several peptides. The FDA has categorized it as an orphan drug, which means that it may be used to treat a disease so rare that it is not profitable to further study Cerebrolysin without government assistance[1]. In this case, Cerebrolysin receives the designation because of its potential use in the treatment of frontotemporal dementia as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Cerebrolysin is made up of several neuropeptides including:
• brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),
• glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF),
• ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and
• nerve growth factor (NGF).
Cerebrolysin was first developed in Austria in 1949. It has since been widely used in the eastern part of the world, particularly Russia and China. It has been considered a Vital and Essential Medicine in Russia since 1992.
Research shows that Cerebrolysin readily crosses the blood-brain barrier in sufficient concentrations to produce pharmacodynamic effects in the brain and spinal cord. The full molecular action of each component of Cerebrolysin has yet to be elucidated, but progress is being made in this area.
The easiest way to understand what Cerebrolysin does is to investigate what each of its constituent parts does. Standard Cerebrolysin is made up of the following four major components.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: BDNF or abrineurin is a protein in the central nervous system that plays important roles in neuron growth, synapse growth and synapse health. It has been shown to be an important factor in glutamatergic signaling and NMDA receptor activity. Alterations in BDNF expression patterns have been observed in schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and epilepsy. It is also an important mediator of the stress response, memory following fear/trauma, and is thought to be important in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: GDNF is a peptide in humans that promotes the survival of neurons and is made by the cells that support them. GDNF is especially important in protecting the neurons that produce dopamine and motor neurons. It has been shown to decrease the loss of neurons during development. It might potentially be useful in the treatment or prevention of Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is also important in regulating kidney and sperm development and has been shown to speed up the clearance of alcohol from the body.
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor: CNTF is a polypeptide hormone that is important in neurotransmission and the growth of certain neural populations like astrocytes. It has been investigated as a potential treatment of ALS and, oddly enough, as an appetite suppressant. A recombinant version of CNTF is being investigated as a potential treatment for retinitis pigmentosa, a degenerative eye disorder.
Nerve Growth Factor: NGF is a neuropeptide that regulates growth, survival, and proliferation of sensory neurons and sympathetic neurons. Research indicates that it is important in preventing programmed cell death in these populations of neurons. It is also important in the regulation of the immune system and is thought to protect pancreatic beta cells from apoptosis.
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